Determination and characterization of metal nanoparticles in clams and oysters

With the extensive application of nanotechnology, metal nanoparticles (MNPs) have been widely used, thus are universally detected in the environment. This has caused increasingly concerns due to their toxicity and the potential health risks they pose to humans.

In this work, the concentrations and particle size distributions of MNPs and concentrations of associated metal ionic species in shellfish seafood (clams and oysters) were investigated using single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (sp-ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

The MNPs in the clam and oyster tissues were extracted via an alkaline digestion method with a recovery rate of 95.9% (for gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)). Then total concentrations of 41 metal elements were measured in the two types of seafood, of which 20 were selected for sp-ICP-MS analysis.

The results showed that 5 types of MNPs were detectable in clams (Y, La, Ce, Pr, Gd) and 5 types of MNPs were detectable in oysters (Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd). Size distributions of MNPs in clams and oysters were in the range of 35-55 nm and 30-65 nm, respectively.

Nanoparticle concentrations in clams and oysters ranged from 0.6 to 37.7 ng/g and 4.2-19.7 ng/g, and accounted for 3.4%-50% and 5.5%-46% of the total metal content, respectively. Based on this analysis, the health risks of metals in the two kinds of seafood were evaluated by comparing the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) with limits recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO)/FoodandAgricultureOrganization (FAO).

These results provide important information about the presence of metal nanoparticles in seafood and, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the nanoparticles of rare earth elements have been detected and reported in bivalve mollusc tissues.

5 Element Biodiesel Standard 5 ug/g (5 PPM) for AA and ICP 100 grams B100 Biofuel
BFM-20Y 100ML
EUR 214.8

Sulfur 5 ug/g (5 PPM) for AA and ICP 100mL in B100 Biofuel
BFS-5Y 100G
EUR 153.6

Flystuff (59-151B) Bottle Tray 4 X 5
FLY1164 EACH
EUR 176.26

DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 2 (TRDMT1) Mouse anti-Mouse Monoclonal (102B1259.2) Antibody
GWB-A0554A 0.05 mg Ask for price

3b-17-Imino-androst-5-en-3-ol Dimer
I399800 500mg
EUR 184
Description: 491873-45-1

DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) Mouse anti-Human Monoclonal (aa637-650) (60B1220.1) Antibody
GWB-CB814A 0.05 mg Ask for price

Anti-Glypican 5 (1B8)
YF-MA13004 100 ug
EUR 435.6
Description: Mouse monoclonal to Glypican 5

(3b,17b)-3,17-Bis(acetyloxy)-17-methylandrost-5-en-7-one
B400620 100mg
EUR 339
Description: 37038-00-9

Anti-DNMT3L Antibody [B0-5]
M1405-4 100ul
EUR 210
Description: DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3-like is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DNMT3L gene. CpG methylation is an epigenetic modification that is important for embryonic development, imprinting, and X-chromosome inactivation. Studies in mice have demonstrated that DNA methylation is required for mammalian development. This gene encodes a nuclear protein with similarity to DNA methyltransferases. This protein is not thought to function as a DNA methyltransferase as it does not contain the amino acid residues necessary for methyltransferase activity. However, this protein does stimulate de novo methylation by DNA cytosine methyltransferase 3 alpha and it is thought to be required for the establishment of maternal genomic imprints. This protein also mediates transcriptional repression through interaction with histone deacetylase 1.

Laminin alpha 5 (LAMA5) mouse monoclonal antibody, clone 4B12, Purified
AM26110PU-N 100 µg Ask for price

VC 50bp DNA Ladder, 5 x 50µg
NL1422 each Ask for price

Accuris SmartCheck™ 100bp DNA Ladder, 5 x 500ul / 500 lanes
PR4010-500 1 PC
EUR 180.4

DNMT3L Monoclonal Antibody [B0-5]
A-1800 100 µl
EUR 702.06

Rat Monoclonal Anti-Mouse CD45R (Ly 5, B220), PE (Clone RA3-6B2) (rat IgG2a)
MCD045R-PE 100 tests
EUR 562.8

3beta,17beta-Androst-5-enediol
A637670 10g
EUR 164
Description: 521-17-5

Rat Monoclonal Anti-Mouse CD45R (Ly 5, B220), FITC (Clone RA3-6B2) (rat IgG2a)
MCD045R-F 100 tests
EUR 562.8

3a,17b-Androst-5-enediol-d3
A637677 1mg
EUR 1616

3alpha,17beta-Androst-5-enediol
A637675 100mg
EUR 234
Description: 16895-59-3

Rat Monoclonal Anti-Mouse CD45R (Ly 5, B220), Biotin (Clone RA3-6B2) (rat IgG2a)
MCD045R-B 100 tests
EUR 562.8

(11b,16b)-11,21-bis(acetyloxy)-2'-methyl-5'H-pregna-1,4-dieno[17,16-d]oxazole-3,20-dione(Deflazacort Impurity)
B400605 100mg
EUR 173
Description: 710951-92-1

Rat Monoclonal Anti-Mouse CD45R (Ly 5, B220), No Azide (Clone RA3-6B2) (rat IgG2a)
MCD045R-M 100 Tests
EUR 578.4

5 Element Biodiesel Standard 10 ug/g (10 PPM) for AA and ICP 100 grams B100 Biofuel
BFM-10Y 100ML
EUR 214.8

5 Element Biodiesel Standard 20 ug/g (20 PPM) for AA and ICP 100 grams B100 Biofuel
BFM-5Y 100ML
EUR 214.8

anti-ADP-ribosylation factor 5 (1B4)
LF-MA10023 100 ug
EUR 435.6
Description: Mouse monoclonal to ADP-ribosylation factor 5

∆5-Androstene-3b,17b-diol-16,16,17-d3
A637547 10mg
EUR 1023
Description: 73609-45-7

Pregn-5-ene-3beta,20beta,21-triol
P712213 100mg
EUR 1200
Description: 853-26-9

Tmem176b (untagged) - Rat transmembrane protein 176B (Tmem176b), transcript variant 5
RN216187 10 µg Ask for price

TMEM176B (untagged)-Human transmembrane protein 176B (TMEM176B), transcript variant 5
SC316911 10 µg Ask for price

Tmem176b (untagged) - Mouse transmembrane protein 176B (Tmem176b), transcript variant 5
MC226658 10 µg Ask for price

CYB561D1 (untagged)-Human cytochrome b-561 domain containing 1 (CYB561D1), transcript variant 5
SC325488 10 µg Ask for price

(3a,​17b)​-Diacetate Estr-​5(10)​-​ene-​3,​17-​diol
D144135 10mg
EUR 1619
Description: 14413-22-0

Anti-Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 (1B3)
YF-MA13334 100 ug
EUR 435.6
Description: Mouse monoclonal to Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5

Anti-Macrophage inflammatory protein 5 (3B7)
YF-MA15366 100 ug
EUR 435.6
Description: Mouse monoclonal to Macrophage inflammatory protein 5

Anti-Macrophage inflammatory protein 5 (3B1)
YF-MA15367 100 ug
EUR 435.6
Description: Mouse monoclonal to Macrophage inflammatory protein 5

CYB561D1 (GFP-tagged) - Human cytochrome b-561 domain containing 1 (CYB561D1), transcript variant 5
RG225080 10 µg Ask for price

VC 50bp DNA Ladder (ready-to-use), 5 x 50µg
NL1424 each Ask for price

(11b,17b)-11-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-17-hydroxy-17-(1-propyn-1-yl)estra-4,9-dien-3-one
B198850 100mg
EUR 339
Description: 189035-07-2

TMEM176B (GFP-tagged) - Human transmembrane protein 176B (TMEM176B), transcript variant 5
RG212419 10 µg Ask for price

19-Nor-5-androstene-3beta,17beta-diol
N661055 500mg
EUR 230
Description: 25975-59-1

TMEM126B (untagged) - Homo sapiens transmembrane protein 126B (TMEM126B), transcript variant 5
SC330452 10 µg Ask for price

4930564B18Rik (untagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 4930564B18 gene (4930564B18Rik)
MC226371 10 µg Ask for price

0610010B08Rik (untagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 0610010B08 gene (0610010B08Rik)
MC228039 10 µg Ask for price

1700010B08Rik (untagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 1700010B08 gene (1700010B08Rik)
MC225632 10 µg Ask for price

4930452B06Rik (GFP-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 4930452B06 gene (4930452B06Rik)
MG209948 10 µg Ask for price

1700012B09Rik (GFP-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 1700012B09 gene (1700012B09Rik)
MG200593 10 µg Ask for price

0610009B22Rik (GFP-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 0610009B22 gene (0610009B22Rik)
MG200879 10 µg Ask for price

2610301B20Rik (GFP-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 2610301B20 gene (2610301B20Rik)
MG202230 10 µg Ask for price

2610034B18Rik (GFP-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 2610034B18 gene (2610034B18Rik)
MG202650 10 µg Ask for price

4930503B20Rik (GFP-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 4930503B20 gene (4930503B20Rik)
MG202666 10 µg Ask for price

2310007B03Rik (GFP-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 2310007B03 gene (2310007B03Rik)
MG207216 10 µg Ask for price

2310067B10Rik (GFP-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 2310067B10 gene (2310067B10Rik)
MG211947 10 µg Ask for price

2310022B05Rik (GFP-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 2310022B05 gene (2310022B05Rik)
MG204657 10 µg Ask for price

2610034B18Rik (untagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 2610034B18 gene (2610034B18Rik), (10ug)
MC201705 10 µg Ask for price

1700017B05Rik (untagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 1700017B05 gene (1700017B05Rik), (10ug)
MC223242 10 µg Ask for price

3425401B19Rik (untagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 3425401B19 gene (3425401B19Rik), (10ug)
MC224428 10 µg Ask for price

1700019B03Rik (untagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 1700019B03 gene (1700019B03Rik), (10ug)
MC218483 10 µg Ask for price

2610507B11Rik (untagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 2610507B11 gene (2610507B11Rik), (10ug)
MC225234 10 µg Ask for price

1700018B24Rik (untagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 1700018B24 gene (1700018B24Rik), (10ug)
MC207089 10 µg Ask for price

2410004B18Rik (untagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 2410004B18 gene (2410004B18Rik), (10ug)
MC210364 10 µg Ask for price

4930524B15Rik (untagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 4930524B15 gene (4930524B15Rik), (10ug)
MC210577 10 µg Ask for price

1810033B17Rik (untagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 1810033B17 gene (1810033B17Rik), (10ug)
MC210869 10 µg Ask for price

1700012B09Rik (untagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 1700012B09 gene (1700012B09Rik), (10ug)
MC210898 10 µg Ask for price

2300005B03Rik (untagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 2300005B03 gene (2300005B03Rik), (10ug)
MC210937 10 µg Ask for price

2310009B15Rik (untagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 2310009B15 gene (2310009B15Rik), (10ug)
MC210959 10 µg Ask for price

2310022B05Rik (untagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 2310022B05 gene (2310022B05Rik), (10ug)
MC210960 10 µg Ask for price

5730508B09Rik (untagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 5730508B09 gene (5730508B09Rik), (10ug)
MC211087 10 µg Ask for price

5330439B14Rik (untagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 5330439B14 gene (5330439B14Rik), (10ug)
MC214493 10 µg Ask for price

1810024B03Rik (untagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 1810024B03 gene (1810024B03Rik), (10ug)
MC214559 10 µg Ask for price

6430531B16Rik (untagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 6430531B16 gene (6430531B16Rik), (10ug)
MC214739 10 µg Ask for price

1700018B08Rik (untagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 1700018B08 gene (1700018B08Rik), (10ug)
MC211730 10 µg Ask for price

9530002B09Rik (untagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 9530002B09 gene (9530002B09Rik), (10ug)
MC211822 10 µg Ask for price

6030468B19Rik (untagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 6030468B19 gene (6030468B19Rik), (10ug)
MC211838 10 µg Ask for price

1700042B14Rik (untagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 1700042B14 gene (1700042B14Rik), (10ug)
MC211411 10 µg Ask for price

1700066B19Rik (untagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 1700066B19 gene (1700066B19Rik), (10ug)
MC211424 10 µg Ask for price

4931406B18Rik (untagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 4931406B18 gene (4931406B18Rik), (10ug)
MC211479 10 µg Ask for price

2610301B20Rik (untagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 2610301B20 gene (2610301B20Rik), (10ug)
MC203322 10 µg Ask for price

4930452B06Rik (untagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 4930452B06 gene (4930452B06Rik), (10ug)
MC203617 10 µg Ask for price

2310067B10Rik (untagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 2310067B10 gene (2310067B10Rik), (10ug)
MC203645 10 µg Ask for price

0610009B22Rik (untagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 0610009B22 gene (0610009B22Rik), (10ug)
MC204167 10 µg Ask for price

4930503B20Rik (untagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 4930503B20 gene (4930503B20Rik), (10ug)
MC205062 10 µg Ask for price

Nephritogenic Monoclonal Antibody, Clone b35, 5 mg
70225 1 mg/ml x 5 ml
EUR 5976
Description: Nephritogenic Monoclonal Antibody

1700017B05Rik (GFP-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 1700017B05 gene (1700017B05Rik), (10ug)
MG212450 10 µg Ask for price

1700018B08Rik (GFP-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 1700018B08 gene (1700018B08Rik), (10ug)
MG212526 10 µg Ask for price

2410004B18Rik (GFP-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 2410004B18 gene (2410004B18Rik), (10ug)
MG212566 10 µg Ask for price

4931406B18Rik (GFP-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 4931406B18 gene (4931406B18Rik), (10ug)
MG212584 10 µg Ask for price

2310009B15Rik (GFP-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 2310009B15 gene (2310009B15Rik), (10ug)
MG212671 10 µg Ask for price

9530002B09Rik (GFP-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 9530002B09 gene (9530002B09Rik), (10ug)
MG212766 10 µg Ask for price

5330439B14Rik (GFP-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 5330439B14 gene (5330439B14Rik), (10ug)
MG212974 10 µg Ask for price

1700042B14Rik (GFP-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 1700042B14 gene (1700042B14Rik), (10ug)
MG213180 10 µg Ask for price

5730508B09Rik (GFP-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 5730508B09 gene (5730508B09Rik), (10ug)
MG213245 10 µg Ask for price

2300005B03Rik (GFP-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 2300005B03 gene (2300005B03Rik), (10ug)
MG218004 10 µg Ask for price

3425401B19Rik (GFP-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 3425401B19 gene (3425401B19Rik), (10ug)
MG225441 10 µg Ask for price

1810024B03Rik (GFP-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 1810024B03 gene (1810024B03Rik), (10ug)
MG215114 10 µg Ask for price

1810033B17Rik (GFP-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 1810033B17 gene (1810033B17Rik), (10ug)
MG216387 10 µg Ask for price

1700066B19Rik (GFP-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 1700066B19 gene (1700066B19Rik), (10ug)
MG213948 10 µg Ask for price

4930524B15Rik (GFP-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 4930524B15 gene (4930524B15Rik), (10ug)
MG214186 10 µg Ask for price

6430531B16Rik (GFP-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 6430531B16 gene (6430531B16Rik), (10ug)
MG214497 10 µg Ask for price

6030468B19Rik (GFP-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 6030468B19 gene (6030468B19Rik), (10ug)
MG214886 10 µg Ask for price

CYB561D1 (Myc-DDK-tagged)-Human cytochrome b-561 domain containing 1 (CYB561D1), transcript variant 5
RC225080 10 µg Ask for price

6430531B16Rik (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 6430531B16 gene (6430531B16Rik)
MR214497 10 µg Ask for price

4930524B15Rik (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 4930524B15 gene (4930524B15Rik)
MR214186 10 µg Ask for price

1700018B08Rik (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 1700018B08 gene (1700018B08Rik)
MR212526 10 µg Ask for price

2410004B18Rik (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 2410004B18 gene (2410004B18Rik)
MR212566 10 µg Ask for price

4931406B18Rik (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 4931406B18 gene (4931406B18Rik)
MR212584 10 µg Ask for price

2310009B15Rik (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 2310009B15 gene (2310009B15Rik)
MR212671 10 µg Ask for price

6030468B19Rik (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 6030468B19 gene (6030468B19Rik)
MR214886 10 µg Ask for price

9530002B09Rik (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 9530002B09 gene (9530002B09Rik)
MR212766 10 µg Ask for price

2300005B03Rik (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 2300005B03 gene (2300005B03Rik)
MR218004 10 µg Ask for price

4930564B18Rik (myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 4930564B18 gene (4930564B18Rik)
MR228582 10 µg Ask for price

5330439B14Rik (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 5330439B14 gene (5330439B14Rik)
MR212974 10 µg Ask for price

1700042B14Rik (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 1700042B14 gene (1700042B14Rik)
MR213180 10 µg Ask for price

5730508B09Rik (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 5730508B09 gene (5730508B09Rik)
MR213245 10 µg Ask for price

1810033B17Rik (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 1810033B17 gene (1810033B17Rik)
MR216387 10 µg Ask for price

1700066B19Rik (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 1700066B19 gene (1700066B19Rik)
MR213948 10 µg Ask for price

1810024B03Rik (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 1810024B03 gene (1810024B03Rik)
MR215114 10 µg Ask for price

1700010B08Rik (myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 1700010B08 gene (1700010B08Rik)
MR227843 10 µg Ask for price

3425401B19Rik (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 3425401B19 gene (3425401B19Rik)
MR225441 10 µg Ask for price

0610010B08Rik (myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 0610010B08 gene (0610010B08Rik)
MR230250 10 µg Ask for price

0610009B22Rik (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 0610009B22 gene (0610009B22Rik)
MR200879 10 µg Ask for price

1700012B09Rik (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 1700012B09 gene (1700012B09Rik)
MR200593 10 µg Ask for price

2610034B18Rik (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 2610034B18 gene (2610034B18Rik)
MR202650 10 µg Ask for price

4930503B20Rik (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 4930503B20 gene (4930503B20Rik)
MR202666 10 µg Ask for price

2610301B20Rik (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 2610301B20 gene (2610301B20Rik)
MR202230 10 µg Ask for price

1700019B03Rik (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 1700019B03 gene (1700019B03Rik)
MR205118 10 µg Ask for price

2310022B05Rik (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse RIKEN cDNA 2310022B05 gene (2310022B05Rik)
MR204657 10 µg Ask for price

Lake Victoria is a shared water resource between Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania, which is the second largest freshwater lake in the world. It has long since suffered from the consequences of overexploitation of its resources, mainly fish stocks, and increasingly high pollution.

The closure of 58% of the fish processing plants (FPPs) is attributed to the declining fish stocks due to overfishing and pollution in particular.

The installation and operation of a pilot membrane bioreactor (MBR) in Kisumu, Kenya, adopts an integrated approach by providing an integral, sustainable, cost effective and robust solution for water sanitation which also meets the demand for clean water in fish processing industry, aquaculture and irrigation.

The innovative system comprises a pilot MBR coupled with a recirculation aquaculture system (RAS). The RAS is able to recirculate 90-95% of its water volume; only the water loss through evaporation and drum filter back flushing has to be replaced.

To compensate for this water deficit the MBR treats domestic wastewater for further reuse. Additionally, excess, purified water is used for irrigating a variety of local vegetables and could also be used in fish processing plants.

The pilot-scale MBR plant with around 6 m2 submerged commercial polyethersulfone (PES) membranes provides treated water in basic agreement with FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) standards for irrigation and aquaculture, showing no adverse effects on tilapia fingerlings production. A novel membrane module with a low-fouling coating is operating stably, but has not yet shown improved performance compared to the commercial one. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.