Determination and characterization of metal nanoparticles in clams and oysters

With the extensive application of nanotechnology, metal nanoparticles (MNPs) have been widely used, thus are universally detected in the environment. This has caused increasingly concerns due to their toxicity and the potential health risks they pose to humans.

In this work, the concentrations and particle size distributions of MNPs and concentrations of associated metal ionic species in shellfish seafood (clams and oysters) were investigated using single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (sp-ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

The MNPs in the clam and oyster tissues were extracted via an alkaline digestion method with a recovery rate of 95.9% (for gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)). Then total concentrations of 41 metal elements were measured in the two types of seafood, of which 20 were selected for sp-ICP-MS analysis.

The results showed that 5 types of MNPs were detectable in clams (Y, La, Ce, Pr, Gd) and 5 types of MNPs were detectable in oysters (Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd). Size distributions of MNPs in clams and oysters were in the range of 35-55 nm and 30-65 nm, respectively.

Nanoparticle concentrations in clams and oysters ranged from 0.6 to 37.7 ng/g and 4.2-19.7 ng/g, and accounted for 3.4%-50% and 5.5%-46% of the total metal content, respectively. Based on this analysis, the health risks of metals in the two kinds of seafood were evaluated by comparing the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) with limits recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO)/FoodandAgricultureOrganization (FAO).

These results provide important information about the presence of metal nanoparticles in seafood and, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the nanoparticles of rare earth elements have been detected and reported in bivalve mollusc tissues.

IMD 0354
B1587-S Evaluation Sample
EUR 81
Description: IC50: IMD-0354 showed anti-tumor effect on seven hematologic malignancy cells with IC50 ranged from 0.1M to 0.6 M. IMD-0354, serving as an IKK? inhibitor, inhibits I?B? phosphorylation in NF-?B pathway.

Lasalocid A Sodium
B1587-25
EUR 414

2',3',5'-triacetyl-5-Azacytidine
C4119-5 5 mg
EUR 118
Description: 2',3',5'-triacetyl-5-Azacytidine (TAC) is the lead prodrug form of 5-azacytidine which may be rapidly absorbed after oral administration [1]. 5-Azacytidine is an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase [2].

2',3',5'-triacetyl-5-Azacytidine
B2822-5
EUR 153

Histatin 5
5-01307 4 x 1mg Ask for price

5-Iodotubercidin
A3125-5 5 mg
EUR 168
Description: 5-Iodotubercidin (Itu) is a purine derivative and hence an inhibitor of adenosine kinase with an IC50 value of 26 nM [1]. Adenosine kinase is important in regulating the intracellular and extracellular concentrations of adenosine and hence diverse physiological actions of adenosine [2].

5-ROX
B8212-5 5 mg
EUR 195

GNF-5
B1329-5
EUR 142

Necrostatin-5
1865-5
EUR 126

Aftin-5
2575-5
EUR 457

CHD-5
2693-5
EUR 153

Thrombin Receptor Activator for Peptide 5 (TRAP-5)
A1036-5 5 mg
EUR 102
Description: Thrombin Receptor Activator for Peptide 5 (TRAP-5),(C30H50N8O7), a peptide with the sequence NH2-Ser-Phe-Leu-Leu-Arg-COOH, MW= 634.76. coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor involved in the regulation of thrombotic response.

[Cit5]-TRAP-5
5-00062 4 x 5mg Ask for price

A-VI-5
5-00524 4 x 5mg Ask for price

ACTH(5-10)
5-00605 4 x 5mg Ask for price

Angiotensin (1-5)
5-00676 4 x 5mg Ask for price

Bradykinin (1-5)
5-00852 4 x 5mg Ask for price

TRAP-5 amide
5-02019 4 x 5mg Ask for price

5-fluoro 203
C4114-5 5 mg
EUR 154
Description: 5-fluoro 203 (5F-203) is an antitumor agent and cytotoxic compound that acts as a potent AhR agonist [1][2][3]. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor involved in regulating xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes such as cytochrome P450.

W-5 hydrochloride
B6277-5 5 mg
EUR 116

5-Nonyloxytryptamine oxalate
B6496-5 5 mg
EUR 154

Teicoplanin A2-5
C4938-5 5 mg
EUR 1157
Description: Teicoplanin A2-5, derived from Actinoplanes teichomyceticus, is a glycopeptide antibiotic which produces a broad spectrum of antibiotic activity against gram-positive bacteria.

5'-deoxy Thymidine
C4692-5 5 mg
EUR 180
Description: 5'-Deoxy Thymidine has been used as a research tool for antiviral and anticancer studies. 5'-Deoxy Thymidine can be used to study the entry mechanism into human erythrocytes in comparison with other deoxythymidines.

2',5'-Dideoxyadenosine
2770-5
EUR 240

5-Formylcytosine (5-fC) ELISA Kit
MET-5102-5 5 x 96 assays
EUR 2283

5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) ELISA Kit
MET-5103-5 5 x 96 assays
EUR 2283

Dok- 5 (263 - 275)
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Secretin (5 - 27), porcine
5-01917 4 x 1mg Ask for price

SH2 Domain Ligand (5)
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Boc-5-Ava-OH
5-04607 25g Ask for price

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5-04608 100g Ask for price

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5-trans U-46619
C4261-5 5 mg
EUR 538
Description: 5-trans U-46619 is a minor impurity (2-5%) which variably exists in most commercial preparations of U-46619 [1]. U-46619 is a selective thromboxane A2 agonist involved in inducing platelet aggregation and vascular smooth muscle contraction [2].

2',5'-dideoxy Adenosine
C3993-5 5 mg
EUR 189
Description: 2',5'-dideoxy Adenosine, a nucleoside analog, is one of the first identified cell-permeable, P-site inhibitors of adenylate cyclase [1]. Adenylyl cyclase is an enzyme with key regulatory roles in almost all cells.

FAM azide, 5- isomer
A8117-5 5 mg
EUR 166
Description: FAM azide for Click chemistry labeling. FAM remains one of the most popular fluorescent lablels for various application. Most instruments capable of fluorescence detection, ranging from plate readers to fluorescence microscopes, are able to work in FAM channel.

ROX azide, 5- isomer
A8126-5 5 mg
EUR 583
Description: ROX (rhodamine-X) azide, solid material, and 10 mM solution in DMSO, labeling reagent for Click Chemistry. ROX is a red-emitting rhodamine dye possessing high brightness and fluorescence quantum yield.Pure 5-isomer.

TAMRA azide, 5- isomer
A8129-5 5 mg
EUR 583
Description: TAMRA (TMR, tetramethylrhodamine) azide, solid compound, and 10 mM solution in DMSO, labeling reagent for Click Chemistry. Pure 5-isomer.TAMRA is often used as FRET acceptor for FAM fluorophore.

5'-(N-Cyclopropyl)carboxamidoadenosine
C4645-5 5 mg
EUR 128

Individual Reaction Mix 5
G065-5 200 reactions
EUR 167

5-Nitroso-8-quinolinol
B2825-5
EUR 109

AICA riboside, 5'-phosphate
9416-5
EUR 153

Necrosis Inhibitor, Necrox-5
2229-5
EUR 615

Magnetic Beads (DNA) 5 mL
P920-5 - Ask for price

[Pyr5]-Substance P (5-11)
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beta-Casomorphin (1-5) (bovine)
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HIV-gp41-Antigenic Peptide 5
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5?-dihydro-11-keto Testosterone
C4317-5 5 mg
EUR 586
Description: 5?-dihydro-11-keto Testosterone (11KDHT) is a full androgen receptor agonist comparable to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) [1][2][3].

Helioxanthin derivative 5-4-2
B4700-5 5 mg
EUR 683
Description: Helioxanthin derivative 5-4-2, an analogue of helioxanthin (ACH126447), is a small-molecule inhibitor of HBV, HSV-1and HSV-2 virus with EC50 values of 0.08 ?M, 0.29 ?M and 0.16 ?M, respectively [1].

Angiotensin 1/2 (1-5)
A1047-5 5 mg
EUR 119
Description: Angiotensin I/II (1-5) is a peptide (ASP-ARG-VAL-TYR-ILE) that contains the amino acids 1-5 and is converted from Angiotensin I/II.Angiotensin I is formed by the action ofreninonangiotensinogen, an ?-2-globulin with 12 amino acids.

Angiotensin 1/2 (5-7)
A1049-5 5 mg
EUR 119
Description: Angiotensin 1/2 (5-7), (C17H27N5O4), a peptide with the sequence H2N-Ile-His-Pro-OH, MW=365.43. Angiotensin is a peptide hormone that causes vasoconstriction and a subsequent increase in blood pressure.

3,3',5'-Triiodo-L-thyronine
C5014-5 5 mg
EUR 134
Description: 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine (reverse T3 or rT3) and 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) are the metabolism of thyroxine (T4) [1]. 3,3',5'-Triiodo-L-thyronine is thyroid hormone receptors TR? and TR? antagonist [1].

2'-O-Methylpseudouridine-5'-Triphosphate
B7993-.5 5x100 µl (100 mM)
EUR 14023

2'-Fluoro-thymidine-5'-Triphosphate
B8035-.5 5x100 µl (100 mM)
EUR 2059

pLenti-CLDN1 shRNA-5 Plasmid
PVTBAV04867-5 2 ug
EUR 356

3,3',5'-Triiodo-L-thyronine
B2017-5
EUR 229

2-Methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine hydrochloride
2768-5
EUR 185

beta-Casomorphin (1-5) amide (bovine)
5-00476 4 x 5mg Ask for price

cAMP Dependent PK Inhibitor (5-24)
5-00922 4 x 1mg Ask for price

Kinase Domain of Insulin Receptor (5)
5-01429 4 x 1mg Ask for price

Fmoc-D-Trp(5-Br)-OH
5-04217 1g Ask for price

Fmoc-D-Trp(5-Br)-OH
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5-04228 5g Ask for price

Ac-DL-Trp(5-Br)-OH·DCHA
5-04229 1g Ask for price

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5-04230 5g Ask for price

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Ac-DL-Trp(5-Cl)-OH·DCHA
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Fmoc-2-amino-5-Methoxybenzoic acid
5-04549 1g Ask for price

Fmoc-2-amino-5-Methoxybenzoic acid
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Fmoc-3-Ala(5-Thiazoyl)-OH
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Fmoc-3-Ala(5-Thiazoyl)-OH
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7078D 5 PIPET 5ML STERILE STERILE
7078D-5 25/pk
EUR 217
Description: Disposable Pipets; Disposable Pipets, Serological, Misc

5-(N,N-dimethyl)-Amiloride (hydrochloride)
C3505-5 5 mg
EUR 180
Description: 5-(N, N-dimethyl)-Amiloride (hydrochloride), a derivative of amiloride, is an inhibitor of NHE1, NHE2, and NHE3. The Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) is a protein that has been involved in intracellular pH homeostasis of many mammalian cell types.

Beta-Sheet Breaker Peptide iA?5
A1005-5 5 mg
EUR 102
Description: Beta-Sheet Breaker Peptide iA?5 (C33H43N5O8), with the sequence H-Leu-Pro-Phe-Phe-Asp-OH, has been shown to inhibit amyloidogenesis in rat brain models.

2'-Fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine-5'-Triphosphate
B7959-.5 5x100 µl (100 mM)
EUR 2059

2'-Fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine-5'-Triphosphate
B7961-.5 5x100 µl (100 mM)
EUR 2059

2'-Fluoro-2'-deoxyguanosine-5'-Triphosphate
B7962-.5 5x100 µl (100 mM)
EUR 2059

2'-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-Triphosphate
B7963-.5 5x100 µl (100 mM)
EUR 2059

3-bromo-5-phenyl Salicylic Acid
C4516-5 5 mg
EUR 370
Description: Ki: 140 nM for AKR1C1; 1.97 ?M for AKR1C2; 21 ?M for AKR1C3 3-bromo-5-phenyl Salicylic acid is an AKR1C1 inhibitor.

5-bromo-3-phenyl Salicylic Acid
C4610-5 5 mg
EUR 319

Nickel NTA Magnetic Agarose Bead (5%)
MagNTANi5-5 5ml suspension
EUR 174

CytoSelect Clonogenic Tumor Cell Isolation Kit (5 x 5 preps)
CBA-155-5 25 preps
EUR 3245
Description: Many solid tumors contain heterogeneous populations of normal and cancerous cells. Separation of these cell populations is key to an accurate assessment of the true genotypic and phenotypic differences between normal and tumor cells. Our CytoSelect Clonogenic Tumor Cell Isolation Kit uses a proprietary semisolid agar medium to facilitate formation of colonies by cells from solid tumors. Colonies are grown in either a 6-well plate or a 35mm culture dish. These colonies are isolated away from single (i.e. normal) cells by size filtration. The viable cells from these colonies can be easily recovered for further analysis.

5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) ELISA Kit
DLR-5-HT-Ge-48T 48T
EUR 469
Description: A competitive inhibition quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in samples from serum, plasma or other biological fluids.

5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) ELISA Kit
DLR-5-HT-Ge-96T 96T
EUR 608
Description: A competitive inhibition quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in samples from serum, plasma or other biological fluids.

DiagNano Fluorophore Labeled Gold Nanoparticles, 5 nm
GFL-5 1 mL
EUR 1053

5-min. Genomic DNA Prep for PCR
P930-5 - Ask for price

[D-Ala2]- beta-Casomorphin (1-5), bovine
5-00075 4 x 5mg Ask for price

[D-Pro2]-beta-Casomorphin (1-5) , bovine
5-00133 4 x 5mg Ask for price

beta-Endorphin (1-5) + (16-31), human
5-00488 4 x 1mg Ask for price

Biotin-Kinase Domain of Insulin Receptor (5)
5-00799 4 x 1mg Ask for price

cAMP Dependent PK Inhibitor (5-22), amide
5-00921 4 x 1mg Ask for price

Substance P (5-11)/Hepta-Substance P
5-01979 4 x 5mg Ask for price

DiagNano Silica-Coated Gold Nanoparticles, 5 nm
CG-5 10mL
EUR 719

2-Acetamidophenyl 5-chloro-2-nitrophenyl sulfide
C4686-5 5 mg
EUR 232

S-(5'-Adenosyl)-L-methionine chloride (hydrochloride)
B2826-5
EUR 120

General 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) ELISA Kit
RD-5-HT-Ge-48Tests 48 Tests
EUR 467

General 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) ELISA Kit
RD-5-HT-Ge-96Tests 96 Tests
EUR 646

General 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) ELISA Kit
RDR-5-HT-Ge-48Tests 48 Tests
EUR 488

General 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) ELISA Kit
RDR-5-HT-Ge-96Tests 96 Tests
EUR 676

5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid (5-HIAA) ELISA Kit
DLR-5-HIAA-Ge-48T 48T
EUR 575
Description: A competitive inhibition quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid (5-HIAA) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates or other biological fluids.

5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid (5-HIAA) ELISA Kit
DLR-5-HIAA-Ge-96T 96T
EUR 753
Description: A competitive inhibition quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid (5-HIAA) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates or other biological fluids.

DiagNano Gold Nanoparticle Passive Conjugation Kit, 5 nm
GPK-5 1 kit
EUR 715

DiagNano Silica-Coated PEGylated Gold Nanoparticles, 5 nm
PG-5 10mL
EUR 719

[D-Ala2]- beta-Casomorphin (1-5) amide (bovine)
5-00074 4 x 5mg Ask for price

[D-Ala2, Met5]- ß-Casomorphin (1-5), bovine
5-00092 4 x 5mg Ask for price

[D-Pro2]-beta-Casomorphin (1-5) , bovine, amide
5-00134 4 x 5mg Ask for price

Checkit Pro C02 - 5 pack
CP-C02-5 5pack
EUR 207
Description: Pipette Checkit Pro model for 2uL pipettes. Pack of 5.

Checkit Pro C05 - 5 pack
CP-C05-5 5pack
EUR 198
Description: Pipette Checkit Pro model for 5uL pipettes. Pack of 5.

Checkit Pro C10 - 5 pack
CP-C10-5 5pack
EUR 198
Description: Pipette Checkit Pro model for 10uL pipettes. Pack of 5.

Checkit Pro C100 - 5 pack
CP-C100-5 5pack
EUR 179
Description: Pipette Checkit Pro model for 100uL pipettes. Pack of 5.

Checkit Pro C20 - 5 pack
CP-C20-5 5pack
EUR 188
Description: Pipette Checkit Pro model for 20uL pipettes. Pack of 5.

Checkit Pro C200 - 5 pack
CP-C200-5 5pack
EUR 179
Description: Pipette Checkit Pro model for 200uL pipettes. Pack of 5.

Checkit Pro C50 - 5 pack
CP-C50-5 5pack
EUR 179
Description: Pipette Checkit Pro model for 50uL pipettes. Pack of 5.

General 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid (5-HIAA) ELISA Kit
RDR-5-HIAA-Ge-48Tests 48 Tests
EUR 613

General 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid (5-HIAA) ELISA Kit
RDR-5-HIAA-Ge-96Tests 96 Tests
EUR 854

[D-Ala2, DPro4, Tyr5] -beta-Casomorphin (1-5), amide
5-00089 4 x 5mg Ask for price

[D-Ala2, Hyp4, Tyr5]- beta-Casomorphin (1-5) amide
5-00090 4 x 5mg Ask for price

Lake Victoria is a shared water resource between Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania, which is the second largest freshwater lake in the world. It has long since suffered from the consequences of overexploitation of its resources, mainly fish stocks, and increasingly high pollution.

The closure of 58% of the fish processing plants (FPPs) is attributed to the declining fish stocks due to overfishing and pollution in particular.

The installation and operation of a pilot membrane bioreactor (MBR) in Kisumu, Kenya, adopts an integrated approach by providing an integral, sustainable, cost effective and robust solution for water sanitation which also meets the demand for clean water in fish processing industry, aquaculture and irrigation.

The innovative system comprises a pilot MBR coupled with a recirculation aquaculture system (RAS). The RAS is able to recirculate 90-95% of its water volume; only the water loss through evaporation and drum filter back flushing has to be replaced.

To compensate for this water deficit the MBR treats domestic wastewater for further reuse. Additionally, excess, purified water is used for irrigating a variety of local vegetables and could also be used in fish processing plants.

The pilot-scale MBR plant with around 6 m2 submerged commercial polyethersulfone (PES) membranes provides treated water in basic agreement with FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) standards for irrigation and aquaculture, showing no adverse effects on tilapia fingerlings production. A novel membrane module with a low-fouling coating is operating stably, but has not yet shown improved performance compared to the commercial one. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.